{"id":6734,"date":"2023-11-15T14:19:21","date_gmt":"2023-11-15T07:19:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bte-jkt.telkomuniversity.ac.id\/?p=6734"},"modified":"2026-11-05T15:18:42","modified_gmt":"2026-11-05T08:18:42","slug":"sejarah-komputer-eniac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bte-jkt.telkomuniversity.ac.id\/en\/sejarah-komputer-eniac\/","title":{"rendered":"History of the ENIAC Computer"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--ar-restyled--><\/p>\n<style>.single .content-image{text-align:center}.single .content-image img{display:block !important;width:100% !important;max-width:560px !important;height:auto !important;margin:0 auto 8px !important;border-radius:12px}.ar-old{line-height:1.75;color:#2F3238}.ar-old p{margin:0 0 16px}.ar-old img{display:block;max-width:100% !important;height:auto !important;margin:18px auto;border-radius:12px}.ar-old figure{margin:18px auto;text-align:center}.ar-old figure figcaption{font-size:14px;color:#4A4D55;margin-top:6px}.ar-old .wp-block-gallery{display:flex !important;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;justify-content:center;margin:20px 0}.ar-old .wp-block-gallery figure{flex:1 1 calc(50% - 12px);max-width:calc(50% - 6px);margin:0}.ar-old .wp-block-gallery img{margin:0;width:100%;object-fit:cover}.ar-old .ar-h,.ar-old h2,.ar-old h3,.ar-old h4{margin:26px 0 10px;font-size:20px;font-weight:700;color:#23252D;line-height:1.4}.ar-old ul,.ar-old ol{margin:0 0 18px 22px}.ar-old li{margin:0 0 6px}.ar-old blockquote{margin:24px 0;padding:18px 22px;border-left:4px solid #E30613;background:#F4F3EF;font-weight:600;color:#23252D}.ar-old table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:18px 0;display:block;overflow-x:auto}.ar-old td,.ar-old th{border:1px solid #E3DFD3;padding:8px 12px}.ar-note{margin:28px 0 0;padding:18px 22px;background:#23252D;color:#F4F3EF;border-radius:12px;line-height:1.65}.ar-note a{color:#9FC3E4;text-decoration:underline}@media(max-width:600px){.ar-old .wp-block-gallery figure{flex:1 1 100%;max-width:100%}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ar-old\">\n<p>As technology advanced in the early and mid-1900s, the need for better computing speed grew. In response to this shortcoming, the American military invested half a million dollars to create an ideal computing machine, which resulted in the Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator (ENIAC).<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who Created ENIAC?<\/h3>\n<p>On 31 May 1943, a military commission for a new computer began with the partnership of John Mauchly and John Presper Eckert, with Mauchly as chief consultant and Eckert as chief engineer. Eckert was a graduate student at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Electrical Engineering when he and Mauchly met in 1943. The team took about a year to design ENIAC and then 18 months plus half a million dollars in taxes to build it. The machine was not officially switched on until November 1945, when the war ended. However, all was not lost, and the military still used ENIAC for work, performing calculations for hydrogen bomb design, weather prediction, cosmic ray studies, thermal ignition, random number studies, and wind tunnel design.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ENIAC<\/h3>\n<p>In 1946, Mauchly and Eckert developed the Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator (ENIAC). The American military sponsored this research because it needed a computer to calculate artillery firing tables, the settings used for different weapons under various conditions for target accuracy.<\/p>\n<p>As the military branch responsible for calculating these tables, the Ballistics Research Laboratory (BRL) became interested after hearing about Mauchly's research at the Moore School. Mauchly had previously created several calculating machines and in 1942 began designing a better calculating machine based on the work of John Atanasoff, an inventor who used vacuum tubes to speed up calculations.<\/p>\n<p>The patent for ENIAC was filed in 1947. An excerpt from the patent (U.S. #3.120.606), filed on 26 June, reads, &#8220;With the advent of the use of complex calculations every day, speed has become so important that no machine on the market today is capable of meeting the full demands of modern computing methods.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Was Inside ENIAC?<\/h3>\n<p>ENIAC was a complex and intricate piece of technology at the time. Housed in 40 cabinets 9 feet tall, the machine contained 17,468 vacuum tubes along with 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors, 1,500 relays, 6,000 manual switches, and 5 million soldered connections. Its dimensions covered 1,800 square feet (167 square meters) of floor space and it weighed 30 tons, and running it consumed 160 kilowatts of electrical power. Two 20-horsepower blowers circulated cool air so the machine would not overheat. The amount of energy used gave rise to rumors that switching on the machine would cause a blackout in the city of Philadelphia. However, the story, first incorrectly reported by the Philadelphia Bulletin in 1946, has been considered an urban myth.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"375\" height=\"240\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\" class=\"wp-image-6735\" src=\"https:\/\/bte-jkt.telkomuniversity.ac.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-3.webp\" alt=\"ENIAC\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bte-jkt.telkomuniversity.ac.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-3.webp 375w, https:\/\/bte-jkt.telkomuniversity.ac.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-3-300x192.webp 300w, https:\/\/bte-jkt.telkomuniversity.ac.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-3-139x89.webp 139w, https:\/\/bte-jkt.telkomuniversity.ac.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-3-278x178.webp 278w, https:\/\/bte-jkt.telkomuniversity.ac.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-3-255x163.webp 255w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>In just one second, ENIAC (1,000 times faster than any other calculating machine to date) could perform 5,000 additions, 357 multiplications, or 38 divisions. The use of vacuum tubes in place of switches and relays brought an increase in speed, but the machine was not quick to reprogram. Programming changes took technicians weeks, and the machine always needed hours of maintenance. As a side note, research on ENIAC led to many improvements in vacuum tubes.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contributions of Dr. John Von Neumann<\/h3>\n<p>In 1948, Dr. John Von Neumann made several modifications to ENIAC. ENIAC performed arithmetic operations and transfers simultaneously, which made programming difficult. Von Neumann suggested using switches to control code selection so that the pluggable cable connections could remain fixed. He added a code converter to enable serial operation.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation<\/h3>\n<p>The work of Eckert and Mauchly did not stop at ENIAC. In 1946, Eckert and Mauchly founded the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation. In 1949, their company launched BINAC (BINary Automatic Computer), which used magnetic tape to store data.<\/p>\n<p>In 1950, Remington Rand Corporation bought the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation and renamed it the Univac Division of Remington Rand. Their research produced UNIVAC (UNIVersal Automatic Computer), the forerunner of today's computers.<\/p>\n<p>In 1955, Remington Rand merged with Sperry Corporation to form Sperry-Rand. Eckert stayed with the company as an executive and continued with it when it later merged with Burroughs Corporation to become Unisys. Eckert and Mauchly both received the IEEE Computer Society Pioneer Award in 1980.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The End of ENIAC<\/h3>\n<p>Despite significant advances in computing in the 1940s, ENIAC's service life was not long. On October 2, 1955, at 11:45 PM, the power was finally switched off and ENIAC was retired. In 1996, exactly 50 years after ENIAC was publicly unveiled by the government, this great computer earned its place in history. According to the Smithsonian, ENIAC became the center of attention in the city of Philadelphia as it celebrated the city as the birthplace of computing. ENIAC was eventually dismantled, with parts of the huge machine displayed at Penn and the Smithsonian.<\/p>\n<p>Well, that is more or less the History of the ENIAC Computer. Let's get to know our study program better\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bte-jkt.telkomuniversity.ac.id\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bachelor of Telecommunication Engineering<\/a>\u00a0and visit the official website\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Telkom University Jakarta Campus<\/a>\u00a0yes!<\/p>\n<p><em>Written by Dzul Rahman<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ar-note\">Follow the latest news and activities of the Bachelor of Telecommunication Engineering Study Program on Instagram <strong>@bte_telu_jkt<\/strong> and the official website <strong>bte-jkt.telkomuniversity.ac.id<\/strong>.<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi pada awal dan pertengahan tahun 1900-an, kebutuhan akan kecepatan komputasi yang lebih baik semakin meningkat. Menanggapi kekurangan ini, militer Amerika menginvestasikan setengah juta dolar untuk menciptakan mesin komputasi yang ideal yang menghasilkan Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator (ENIAC). Siapa yang Menciptakan ENIAC? Pada tanggal 31 Mei 1943, komisi militer untuk komputer [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6737,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wds_primary_category":18,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artikel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bte-jkt.telkomuniversity.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6734","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bte-jkt.telkomuniversity.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bte-jkt.telkomuniversity.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bte-jkt.telkomuniversity.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bte-jkt.telkomuniversity.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6734"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/bte-jkt.telkomuniversity.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6734\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15603,"href":"https:\/\/bte-jkt.telkomuniversity.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6734\/revisions\/15603"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bte-jkt.telkomuniversity.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6737"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bte-jkt.telkomuniversity.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6734"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bte-jkt.telkomuniversity.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6734"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bte-jkt.telkomuniversity.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6734"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}